Práctica de actividad física, actividades sedentarias y hábitos alimentarios en escolares entre los 5 y 10 años con exceso de peso de un colegio en Bogotá, Colombia
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Revista Facultad de Medicina, 2357-3848, Vol. 62,Nro.2 2014, p.221-228
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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Resumen
Antecedentes. La obesidad infantil es entendida como una
problemática del siglo XXI por la Organización Mundial de
la Salud; ENSIN 2010 reportó exceso de peso en 18,9% de los
niños entre los 5 y 9 años.
Objetivo. Identificar la actividad física, actividades
sedentarias y hábitos alimentarios en escolares entre los 5 y
10 años con exceso de peso de una institución educativa en
Bogotá, Colombia.
Materiales y métodos. Valoración nutricional antropométrica
(T/E e IMC/E), estándares de crecimiento OMS 2006-2007,
puntos de corte Resolución 2121 y OMS, actividad física
medida por podometría, actividades sedentarias y hábitos
evaluados por encuesta, consumo energético por registro de
alimentos de tres días, análisis de datos empleando estadística
descriptiva con Microsoft Excel 2011 para Mac y EpiInfo 7.
Resultados. Edad 8 años 5 meses ± 1 año y 3 meses,
53,8% masculino, 41,8% escolares obesos, 7.462±3.028
pasos/día, escolares sedentarios (57,8%), actividades
sedentarias de 2 a 4 horas/día (52,6%), energía
1.842±464 Kcal/día, distribución calórica: proteína
(15±1%), grasa (30±4%) y carbohidratos (56±4%).
Conclusiones. Escolares con exceso de peso, actividad física
baja y sedentarismo, actividades sedentarias mayores a dos
horas e ingesta energética incrementada con distribución del
valor calórico total adecuado.
Descripción
Abstract
Background. Childhood obesity is a problem affecting the
21st century, according to the World Health Organization. The
ENSIN 2010 reported 18.9% of children aged 5 to 9 years-old
being overweight.
Objective. Ascertaining the physical activity, sedentary
behaviour and dietary habits of 5- to 10-year-old overweight
children attending a school in Bogota, Colombia.
Materials and methods. This study involved anthropometric
nutritional assessment (H/A and BMI/A) using WHO growth
standards 2006-2007 and Resolution 2121 and WHO cutoff
points. Physical activity was measured by pedometer,
sedentary activities and habits were assessed by survey
and energy was evaluated by 3-day record of food intake.
Microsoft Excel 2011 for Mac and EpiInfo 7 were used for
data analysis (descriptive statistics).
Results. Average age was 8 years 5 months (± 1 year and
3 months); 53.8% of the sample was male. BMI showed
that 41.8% were obese, 7,462±3,028 steps/day were
recorded, 57.8% were classified as being sedentary students
(sedentary activities lasted 2-4 hours/day (52.6%) and energy
expenditure was 1,842±464 kcal/day. Recommended dietary
allowance (RDA) regarding calorie distribution was 15±1%
protein, 30±4% fat and 56±4% carbohydrates.
Conclusions. It was found that students had excess weight,
were sedentary and had a low level of physical activity.
Sedentary activities lasted more than two hours per day and
energy intake was increased regarding the norm for this agegroup;
however, RDA concerning total calories was adequate
for such age-group.
Palabras clave
Obesidad, Índice de masa corporal, Hábitos alimenticios, Actividad motora