Impacto de los programas de optimización de antibióticos en Latinoamérica

Resumen

La resistencia a los antibióticos es la capacidad de las bacterias de crecer en presencia de un antibiótico. En Latinoamérica la aparición de cepas resistentes de bacterias como Pseudomonas spp, Acinetobacter spp, E. coli, Klebsiella spp y S. aureus se consideran un problema de salud pública. El uso y prescripción de antibióticos de manera inadecuada son los factores determinantes en este problema, debido a eso se crearon los programas de optimización de antibióticos (PROAs) como estrategias de control. Objetivo: Describir los PROAs en Latinoamérica haciendo énfasis en los recursos que se requieren, las estrategias que se usan para su implementación, los indicadores que evalúan la efectividad de los mismos y el efecto que tienen en costos y tendencias de resistencia bacteriana para bacterias gram-negativas y gram-positivas.

Descripción

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is the capacity by which bacteria can grow in the presence of antibiotics. In Latin America, the appearance of resistant bacteria as Pseudomonas spp, Acinetobacter spp, E. coli, Klebsiella spp y S. aureus is considered as a threat to public health. The use and prescription of antibiotics in an inappropriate way are the determining factors in this problem. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) were created to contain this threat. Objectives: To describe antimicrobial stewardship in Latin America emphasizing in the resources required, the strategies used for implementation, the indicators used to evaluate effectiveness and the effects that they have in in costs and bacterial resistance in gram-negatives and gram-positives. Methods: This study is a systematic review, using algorithms with MESH and DECS terms in the following databases: 1. Pubmed 2. Lilacs 3. Proquest. Results: Regarding the implementation of ASPs, the lack of concern and awareness by the administration in the institutions about antimicrobial resistance is the principal reason for implementation failure. Antibiotic use: After the implementation of ASPs, prescription behaviors can be modified. Resistance: The implementation of ASPs can decrease antimicrobial resistance. Costs: A reduction of costs related to antimicrobials was observed in some studies. Conclusions: implementation of ASPs in Latin America might have a positive impact on therapeutic effectiveness, decrease in antibiotic resistance and improvement in healthcare costs.

Palabras clave

Programas de optimización de antibióticos (PROA), Antibióticos, Resistencia antimicrobiana, Microorganismos

Keywords

Antimicrobial stewardship, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial resistance, Microorganisms

Temáticas

Farmacorresistencia bacteriana
Factores R
Vectores genéticos

Citación

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