Comportamiento clínico de las infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de 18 años atendidos en el Hospital de la Misericordia en el período abril - julio 2024

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dc.contributor.advisorCoronel Ruiz, Carolina
dc.contributor.authorGarzón Usaquén, Laura Isabella
dc.contributor.authorRoa Hernández, Daniela
dc.contributor.orcidGarzón Usaquén, Laura Isabella [0009-0005-2599-5109]
dc.contributor.orcidRoa Hernández, Daniela [0009-0005-7484-602X]
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-27T14:10:07Z
dc.date.available2024-11-27T14:10:07Z
dc.date.issued2024-11
dc.description.abstractLas infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) constituyen un tema de interés en salud pública, de alta prevalencia en población pediátrica. Por la variabilidad de la presentación clínica, la mayoría de estas infecciones presenta una dinámica variable en la transmisión y aumento en las consultas en instituciones de salud. Estas infecciones representan un desafío en la atención, en especial en menores de 5 años, por las diferencias en el curso clínico y complicaciones, que requieren manejo intrahospitalario y en un porcentaje de casos en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) para el tratamiento de la enfermedad. El objetivo fue evaluar características clínicas y factores asociados al desarrollo de infecciones respiratorias agudas producidas por virus en población pediátrica atendida en el Hospital de la Misericordia en el periodo de abril a julio del 2024. El estudio analizó información clínica y de laboratorio de 60 niños con signos y síntomas de IRA, variables sociodemográficas y antecedentes médicos. Se obtuvo muestra de hisopado nasofaríngeo o lavado broncoalveolar para el diagnóstico de laboratorio mediante pruebas de inmunocromatografía (panel viral) y diagnóstico molecular (RT-PCR). Del total de pacientes, se identificaron infecciones VSR 21.7% (n=13), AdV 16.7% (n=10) y 22 infecciones por virus influenza A (36.7%). No se identificaron muestras positivas para FluB y SARS-CoV-2. Se identificaron siete coinfecciones, SARS-CoV-2 – AdV (n=2), VSR-FluA (n=2), y 3 coinfecciones AdV-FluA. Estos resultados permitieron confirmar el diagnóstico en 38 pacientes (63.3%). Las infecciones por VSR se presentaron en < 6 años, el 70% de las infecciones por AdV se identificaron en el grupo de 2–6 años, mientras el 90% de infecciones por FluA se identificaron en los grupos de 2-6 años y 7-12 años (p=0.008). Signos como fiebre y tos presentaron porcentajes superiores al 70%, mientras congestión nasal se presentó en mayor frecuencia en las infecciones por AdV (p<0.038). Los niveles de leucocitos, plaquetas, hematocrito y neutrófilos, no mostraron diferencias con el diagnóstico, similar a lo encontrado al evaluar cada virus. No se identificaron diferencias entre factores como lactancia, bajo peso al nacer y comorbilidades con los diagnósticos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un perfil similar a los reportes de la vigilancia epidemiológica de la circulación de estos virus durante el período de estudio, y datos comparables con estudios previos realizados en el país. El estudio identificó 63.3% de infecciones producidas por el Virus Sincitial Respiratorio, el virus influenza A y Adenovirus, lo cual demuestra la importancia de profundizar en el estudio de estas infecciones en población pediátrica.
dc.description.abstractenglishAcute respiratory infections are considered a public health problem, with a high prevalence in the paediatric population. Because of the variability of the clinical presentation, most of these infections present a variable dynamic in transmission and an increase in medical attention in health institutions. These infections represent a challenge in health care, especially in children under 5 years of age, due to the differences in the clinical manifestations and complications, which require in-hospital care and in a percentage of cases in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for management and disease treatment. The objective was to evaluate clinical characteristics and factors associated with the development of acute respiratory infections caused by viruses in population treated at the Hospital de la Misericordia from April to July 2024. The study analyzed clinical and laboratory information from 60 children with signs and symptoms of ARI, sociodemographic variables and medical history. Nasopharyngeal swab or bronchoalveolar samples were obtained for laboratory diagnosis by immunochromatography (viral panel) and molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR). Infections produced by RSV 21.7% (n=13), AdV 16.7% (n=10) and 22 influenza A virus infections (36.7%) were identified. No positive samples for FluB and SARS-CoV-2 were identified. Infections produced by RSV 21.7% (n=13), AdV 16.7% (n=10) and 22 influenza A virus infections (36.7%) were identified. No positive samples for FluB and SARS-CoV-2 were found. Seven co-infections were identified, SARS-CoV-2 - AdV (n=2), RSV-FluA (n=2), and3 AdV-FluA co-infections. These results confirmed the diagnosis in 38 patients (63.3%). RSV infections were present in children < 6 years, 70% of AdV infections were identified in patients aged 2-6 years, while 90% of FluA infections were identified in patients aged 2-6 years and 7-12 years (p=0.008). Signs like fever and cough were found in higher than 70%,while stuffy nose was more frequent in AdV infections (p<0.038). Leukocyte, platelet,haematocrit and neutrophil levels showed no differences with diagnosis, similar to what was observed for each virus diagnosis. No differences were identified between factors such as breastfeeding, low birth weight and comorbidities with IRA diagnoses. The results obtained show a similar profile to the epidemiological surveillance reports of virus circulation during the study period, and similar data obtained in previous studies developed in Colombia. The study identified 63.3% of ARIs, which demonstrates the importance of deepening the study of these infections in children.
dc.description.degreelevelPregradospa
dc.description.degreenameEnfermerospa
dc.description.sponsorshipHospital de la Misericordia
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad El Bosquespa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquespa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/13388
dc.language.isoes
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Enfermeríaspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad El Bosquespa
dc.publisher.programEnfermeríaspa
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dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accessrightshttps://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.localAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.subjectInfección Respiratoria Aguda (IRA)
dc.subjectVirus respiratorios
dc.subjectPediatría.
dc.subjectDiagnóstico
dc.subject.keywordsAcute respiratory infections
dc.subject.keywordsRespiratory viruses
dc.subject.keywordsPediatric population
dc.subject.keywordsDiagnosis
dc.subject.nlmWY 100
dc.titleComportamiento clínico de las infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de 18 años atendidos en el Hospital de la Misericordia en el período abril - julio 2024
dc.title.translatedClinical characteristics of acute respiratory infections in children under 18 years of age treated at the Hospital de la Misericordia in the period april - july 2024
dc.type.coarhttps://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversionhttps://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.localTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradospa

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