Evaluación de la terapia larval de Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) en un biomodelo animal

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dc.contributor.advisorBello García, Felio Jesús
dc.contributor.advisorCortés Vecino, Jesús Alfredo
dc.contributor.authorDíaz Roa, Andrea
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-23T17:28:25Z
dc.date.available2021-02-23T17:28:25Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractPara los tratamientos alternativos de heridas crónicas, de difícil cicatrización, se emplean larvas de díptero Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), las cuales son eficaces en procesos de terapia larval. La acción de las larvas se desarrolla con base en tres mecanismos fisiológicos diferentes: debridación, eliminación de bacterias y estimulación del tejido de granulación. Esta mosca es de distribución cosmopolita y es considerada la más eficaz. Sin embargo, en ocasiones resulta difícil conseguir muestras de la mosca, principalmente en épocas de lluvias. Se ha reportado el uso de otros insectos necrófagos pero no han igualado la eficacia de L. sericata. En razón a lo anterior, se requiere continuar estudiando nuevas especies que puedan ser similares y/o superiores en sus mecanismos de acción a la mosca señalada. Esta especie se ha registrado como primer colonizador de cuerpos en descomposición en la Sabana de Bogotá y no se ha reportado como potencial generador de miasis facultativa, entiéndase como la contaminación ocasional con larvas en heridas preexistentes. Para evaluar los efectos de Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Le Guillou, 1842) de manera integral se siguieron diferentes metodologías tanto in vivo como in vitro. In vivo: Para evaluar cicatrización se indujo Diabetes y luego heridas en el dorso a 12 conejos, que fueron divididos en 4 grupos, los dos primeros se trataron con terapia larval derivada de S. magellanica y L. sericata, el tercero con antibiótico y el cuarto como control. Antes de los tratamientos, las heridas se infectaron con P. aeruginosa y S. aureus. Además, antes y durante los tratamientos se tomaron biopsias de las heridas para análisis histopatológicos. La evaluación macroscópica de las heridas se valoró con la escala PUSH, Wollina y DPI. In vitro: Se determinó la acción antibacterial de S. magellanica, mediante ensayos turbidométricos y de crecimiento en agar utilizando Staphyloccocus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Se comparó este efecto con las excreciones y secreciones (ES) obtenidas de L. sericata, y se evaluó su acción en diferentes concentraciones de ES. En el modelo in vivo, se encontró disminución bacteriana luego de aplicar los tratamientos con terapia larval y antibiótico, de igual forma el debridamiento de la herida fue más ágil con los tratamientos larvales en comparación con los controles; sin embargo, el tiempo de cierre de la herida fue aproximadamente de 23 días en los tratamientos, con ligeras diferencias entre los grupos. Las heridas tratadas con larvas, avanzaron más rápido hacia la proliferación celular, observándose presencia de fibroblastos y células epiteliales, sin encontrar diferencias entre las especies de mosca evaluadas. Los resultados de los métodos de turbidimetria y dilución en agar, mostraron que las ES tanto de L. sericata como de S. magellanica tienen actividad antimicrobiana frente a las bacterias Gram-positivas y Gram-negativas encontrando diferencias entre las especies evaluadas, indicando que S. magellanica puede ser más eficiente en la inhibición de bacterias, tanto Gram-negativas como Gram-positivas, que L. sericata. Adicionalmente, estas ES no mostraron efectos citotóxicos en una línea celular de fibroblastos. Estos resultados tendrán implicaciones en estudios aplicados de terapia larval con S. magellanica, al establecerse que las interacciones entre ES larvales y las bacterias es el mecanismo más importante empleado en la desinfección. Este estudio validó la larvaterapia con S. magellanica como alternativa para el tratamiento y cicatrización de heridas crónicas evidenciando resultados positivos tanto a nivel microbiológico como in vivo.spa
dc.description.abstractenglishMaggots from Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) are used as alternative treatment for chronic wounds from healing. Maggots from L. sericata are effective in maggot therapy processes. The maggot action is based on three different physiological mechanisms: debridement, removal of bacteria and stimulation of granulation tissue. This fly is cosmopolitan in distribution and is considered the most effective during maggot therapy. However, sometimes is difficult to get samples of the fly, especially during the rainy season. Although others necrophagous insects have been used for treating wounds, these species have not achieved the efficacy of L. sericata. Taking into account the above mentioned, it is necessary to continue studying new species that may be similar and/or higher in their mechanisms of action at the appointed fly. Given the particular conditions of Colombia, regarding to its rich biodiversity, where the presence of several genera of Calliphoridae family have been registered, we are proposing the species Sarconesiopsis magellanica, to be fully evaluated for these purposes. This species has been recorded as the first colonizer of decomposing bodies in the Sabana de Bogotá, with high population densities throughout the year and potentially facultative myiasis generator, understood as the occasional contamination with larvae in preexisting wounds (Derraik et al 2010). In order to assess the effects of Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Le Guillou, 1842) comprehensively different methodologies both in vivo and in vitro were followed. In vivo: To evaluate wound healing, diabetes was induced, followed of back wounds in 12 rabbits, which were divided into 4 groups, the first two groups were treated with therapy using maggots from S. magellanica or L. sericata, the third group was treated with antibiotic and the fourth group was the control group. Before treatment, the wounds were infected with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. In addition, before and during treatment biopsies of the wounds for histopathologic analysis were taken. PUSH, Wollina and DPI scale were used in order to assess macroscopic evaluation of the wounds. In vitro: S. magellanica antibacterial action was established by turbidimetry and agar growth assays using Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This effect was compared with the excretions and secretions (ES) obtained from L. sericata, and its action was evaluated at different concentrations of ES. In the in vivo model, bacterial reduction after maggot therapy and antibiotic treatments was observed, in the same way, wound debridement was faster using maggot therapy compared with controls. The time of wound healing was 23 days approximately in the treatments, with slight differences between groups. Wounds treated with larvae moved faster towards cell proliferation, showing the presence of fibroblasts and epithelial cells, without differences between the fly species evaluated. The results from the turbidimetry assays and agar dilution showed that ES from L. sericata and S. magellanica have antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, However, our results suggest that S. magellanica may be more efficient in the inhibition of bacteria, Gram-negative and Gram-positive than L. sericata. Additionally, the ES did not show cytotoxic effects in a fibroblasts cell line. These results will have implications for applied studies of maggot therapy with S. magellanica, by providing that the interaction between ES larval and bacteria is the most important mechanisms used for the disinfection. This study validated the maggot therapy with S. magellanica as an alternative for treatment and healing of chronic wounds, showing positive results in vivo and in vitro.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad El Bosquespa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquespa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/5424
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad El Bosquespa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicasspa
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dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accessrightshttps://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.creativecommons2013
dc.rights.localAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/*
dc.subjectSarconesiopsis magellanicaspa
dc.subjectTerapia larvalspa
dc.subjectActividad antibacterialspa
dc.subjectDebridaciónspa
dc.subjectHeridas crónicasspa
dc.subject.decsCicatrización de heridasspa
dc.subject.decsLarvaspa
dc.subject.decsInsectosspa
dc.subject.keywordsSarconesiopsis magellanicaspa
dc.subject.keywordsMaggot therapyspa
dc.subject.keywordsAntibacterial activityspa
dc.subject.keywordsDebridementspa
dc.subject.keywordsChronic woundsspa
dc.subject.nlmW 50
dc.titleEvaluación de la terapia larval de Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) en un biomodelo animalspa
dc.title.translatedLarval therapy evaluation of Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in an animal biomodelspa
dc.type.coarhttps://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttps://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.localTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Maestríaspa

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Maestría en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas