Cambio en el microbioma bacteriano intestinal de niños menores de 3 años después de un tratamiento con antibióticos

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dc.contributor.advisorAbril Riaño, Deisy Abril
dc.contributor.authorPeña Cardenas, Paola Andrea
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-29T18:41:59Z
dc.date.available2024-07-29T18:41:59Z
dc.date.issued2024-07
dc.description.abstractEl microbioma es un conjunto de microorganismos que existen e interactúan en un entorno particular, y que comprende también sus genomas y metabolitos producidos; su diversidad y abundancia cambian de acuerdo con factores ambientales como la alimentación, consumo de medicamentos (antibióticos y muchos otros), respuesta del hospedero, estrés fisicoquímico y otros. Los estudios sobre el microbioma humano se han basado en cinco sitios principales, piel, vías respiratorias, cavidad oral, tracto vaginal e intestino, este último siendo uno de los más estudiados en todo el mundo por su relación con diversos tipos de infecciones y enfermedades. En Colombia, las investigaciones de microbioma intestinal en lactantes son escasas y se desconocen los cambios generados por el uso de antibióticos. Por ende, el objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los cambios en el microbioma intestinal de niños menores de 3 años y mayores de 6 meses, con infecciones bacterianas que requirieron el uso de antibióticos. Se reclutaron 32 pacientes que fueron atendidos en una institución de salud de tercer nivel y que requirieron tratamiento antibiótico. De cada uno de ellos, se obtuvieron tres muestras de material fecal a diferentes tiempos: antes del inicio del tratamiento (tiempo 0, pre-antibiótico), al finalizar el tratamiento (7 días) y 30 días después (recuperación post-antibiótico). Debido a la falta de estudios de microbioma en niños, una muestra de un grupo control de 30 niños fue incluida (tiempo 0). La diversidad del microbioma fue establecida por secuenciación de los genes 16S-ITS-23S-ARNr (PacBio). Las lecturas HiFi se analizaron usando SBanalyzer-Athena™ para clasificación de cepas y QIIME2-DADA2 (SILVA-RDP-GTDB) para especie, y los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con R, STAMP y Prisma-GraphPad. Los filos Bacillota (Firmicutes), Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes), Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria) y Actinomycetota fueron los más abundantes al inicio (33,0%, 42,6%, 10,9% y 12,5%, respectivamente) cuya composición fue similar al grupo sano; estos filos fueron los que presentaron los mayores cambios con el consumo de los antibióticos. Para destacar, el uso de antibióticos produjo una considerable disminución de Bifidobacterium spp. principalmente Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (p=0,0018, DBM= 8.77), y que al mes no alcanzó una completa recuperación. La reducción observada de especies benéficas comensales por los antibióticos evidencia la perturbación del microbioma intestinal y la necesidad de evaluar la posible inclusión de probióticos durante o después del tratamiento antibiótico en población pediátrica.
dc.description.abstractenglishThe microbiome is a set of microorganisms that exist and interact in a particular environment, also including their genomes and produced metabolites; diversity and abundance changes according to environmental factors such as diet, medication consumption (antibiotics and many others), host response, physicochemical stress and others. Studies about human microbiome have been based on 5 main sites, skin, respiratory tract, oral cavity, vaginal tract and intestine, this latter being one of the most studied in the world due to its relationship with various types of infections and diseases. In Colombia, researches on infant gut microbiome are scarce and the changes generated by the use of antibiotics are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish changes in gut microbiome of children younger than 3 years and older than 6 months, with bacterial infections that required use of antibiotics. 32 patients who were treated at a tertiary level health institution and who required antibiotic treatment were recruited. From each of them, three samples of fecal material were obtained at different times: before the beginning of treatment (time 0, pre-antibiotic), at the end of treatment (7 days) and 30 days later (postantibiotic, recovery). Due to the lack of microbiome studies in children, a control group sample of 30 children was included (time 0). Microbiome diversity was established by sequencing of the 16S-ITS-23S-rRNA genes (PacBio). HiFi reads were analyzed using SBanalyzer-Athena™ for strain classification and QIIME2-DADA2 (SILVA-RDP-GTDB) for species, and statistical analyzes were performed with R, STAMP, and Prisma-GraphPad. Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes), Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria) and Actinomycetota were the most abundant at the beginning (33.0%, 42.6%, 10.9% and 12.5%, respectively) whose composition was similar to healthy group; these phylum were the ones that presented the greatest changes with the consumption of antibiotics. To highlight, use of antibiotics produced a considerable decrease in Bifidobacterium spp. mainly Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (p=0.0018, DBM= 8.77), and after one month it did not achieve a complete recovery. The observed reduction of beneficial commensal species by antibiotics shows the disturbance of gut microbiome and needing to evaluate the possible inclusion of probiotics during or after antibiotic treatment in pediatric population.
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicasspa
dc.description.sponsorshipLos Cobos Medical Center
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad El Bosquespa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquespa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/12750
dc.language.isoes
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad El Bosquespa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicasspa
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dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accessrightshttps://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.localAcceso abiertospa
dc.subjectMicrobioma intestinal
dc.subjectLactante
dc.subjectAntibiótico
dc.subjectPediatría
dc.subjectDiversidad bacteriana
dc.subject.keywordsGut microbiome
dc.subject.keywordsInfant
dc.subject.keywordsAntibiotic
dc.subject.keywordsPediatrics
dc.subject.keywordsBacterial diversity
dc.subject.nlmW 50
dc.titleCambio en el microbioma bacteriano intestinal de niños menores de 3 años después de un tratamiento con antibióticos
dc.title.translatedChange in the bacterial gut microbiome of children under 3 years of age after antibiotics treatment
dc.type.coarhttps://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttps://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.localTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Maestríaspa

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Maestría en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas