Análisis de algunas técnicas de caracterización de sistemas nanotecnológicos orientados al tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus

Durango Vargas, Jhared Santiago

Análisis de algunas técnicas de caracterización de sistemas nanotecnológicos orientados al tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus

dc.contributor.advisor	Vargas Mantilla, Jors Steven
dc.contributor.advisor	Amaya Méndez, Sergio
dc.contributor.author	Durango Vargas, Jhared Santiago
dc.contributor.orcid	Durango Vargas, Jhared Santiago [0009-0000-1108-5562]
dc.date.accessioned	2024-11-21T13:10:13Z
dc.date.available	2024-11-21T13:10:13Z
dc.date.issued	2024-10
dc.description.abstract	La Diabetes Mellitus (DM) es un problema de salud global que afectaba a 422 millones de personas en 2021 y va en crecimiento, Está asociada a complicaciones macro y microvasculares como retinopatía, neuropatía, y fallos renales y cardíacos. La nanotecnología ofrece una alternativa prometedora en el tratamiento de la DM a través de la nanomedicina, con sistemas nanotecnológicos que mejoran la entrega de fármacos. En particular, nanopartículas inorgánicas como las AgNPs y ZnONPs, que tienen actividad antidiabética inherente, también funcionan como transportadores de fármacos. Estas nanopartículas requieren una caracterización rigurosa mediante técnicas como UV-Vis, EDX, TEM, SEM, XRD y ELS, para confirmar su síntesis, tamaño, morfología y estabilidad expresada como potencial zeta respectivamente. En cuanto a su actividad biológica, han demostrado igualar o superar la eficacia de fármacos como la metformina y la acarbosa, utilizados como estándares de referencia, con el potencial de reducir efectos adversos, aunque se necesita una evaluación clínica para confirmar estas ventajas.
dc.description.abstractenglish	Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global health issue affecting 422 million people as of 2021, and it is steadily increasing. It is associated with macrovascular and microvascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and renal and cardiac failure. Nanotechnology offers a promising alternative in DM treatment through nanomedicine, utilizing nanotechnological systems to enhance drug delivery. In particular, inorganic nanoparticles like AgNPs and ZnONPs, which possess inherent antidiabetic activity, also serve as drug carriers. These nanoparticles require rigorous characterization using techniques such as UV-Vis, EDX, TEM, SEM, XRD, and ELS to confirm synthesis, size, morphology, and stability (expressed as zeta potential). Regarding their biological activity, they have shown efficacy comparable to or surpassing drugs like metformin and acarbose, commonly used as reference standards, with the potential to reduce adverse effects; however, clinical evaluation is necessary to confirm these advantages.
dc.description.degreelevel	Pregrado	spa
dc.description.degreelevel	Químico Farmacéutico	spa
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf
dc.identifier.instname	Universidad El Bosque	spa
dc.identifier.reponame	reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque	spa
dc.identifier.repourl	repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/13305
dc.language.iso	es
dc.publisher.faculty	Facultad de Ciencias	spa
dc.publisher.grantor	Universidad El Bosque	spa
dc.publisher.program	Química Farmacéutica	spa
dc.relation.references	Organización Mundial de la Salud -OMS, “Diabetes.” Accessed: Apr. 23, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1
dc.relation.references	Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, “ En el Día Mundial de la Diabetes: MinSalud promueve prácticas de vida saludable,” Boletín 543 de 2022. Accessed: Apr. 23, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/En-el-Dia-Mundial-de-la-Diabetes-MinSalud-promueve-praticas-de-vida-saludable.aspx
dc.relation.references	Safia Kousar, “Type 1 Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments, Review with Personal Experience,” Curr Res Diabetes Obes J, vol. 11, Aug. 2019, Accessed: Apr. 24, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://juniperpublishers.com/crdoj/pdf/CRDOJ.MS.ID.555817.pdf
dc.relation.references	Marcela Gómez-Garzón, M. Alejandra Martínez-Ceballos, Arley Gómez-López, and Adriana Rojas-Villarraga, “Aplicaciones de la nanotecnología en el campo de la oftalmología: ¿dónde estamos?,” 2020. Accessed: Apr. 24, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/rmof/v94n5/0187-4519-rmo-94-5-221.pdf
dc.relation.references	Villafuerte-Robles Leopoldo, “Nanotecnología Farmacéutica,” Nanotecnología Farmacéutica, vol. 68, pp. 1–20, 2009, Accessed: Apr. 24, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1995/199520297009.pdf
dc.relation.references	Paulina ABRICA-GONZÁLEZ and Sandra GÓMEZ-ARROYO, “EFECTOS Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE NANOPARTÍCULAS ATMOSFÉRICAS (NP-CuO, ZnO) EN PLANTAS,” Aug. 2021, Accessed: Apr. 24, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/rica/v38/0188-4999-rica-38-54303.pdf
dc.relation.references	Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba, Wolfgang E.S, and Alexander G. Shard, Characterization of Nanoparticles Measurement Processes for Nanoparticles. 2019. Accessed: Apr. 24, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128141823/characterization-of-nanoparticles
dc.relation.references	A. C. Quevedo et al., “UV-vis spectroscopic characterization of nanomaterials in aqueous media,” Journal of Visualized Experiments, no. 176, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.3791/61764.
dc.relation.references	nanoComposix, “UV-Visible Nanoparticle Analysis.” Accessed: Sep. 17, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://nanocomposix.com/products/uv-visible-nanoparticle-analysis
dc.relation.references	Ramya P, “Anti-Diabetic Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized From The Hydroethanolic Extract of Myristica Fragrans Seeds”, doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-676500/v1.
dc.relation.references	R. A. Sarfraz, R. Ashraf, S. Bedi, and I. Sardar, “Bioactivity-guided nanoparticle synthesis from Zingiber officinale and Mentha longifolia,” Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 70–77, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1680/jbibn.21.00018.
dc.relation.references	S. Pradhan et al., “Bioinspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Luffa aegyptiaca seed extract and assessment of pharmacological properties,” Biocatal Agric Biotechnol, vol. 58, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103209.
dc.relation.references	D. Jini and S. Sharmila, “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Allium cepa and its in vitro antidiabetic activity,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, Elsevier Ltd, 2020, pp. 432–438. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.672.
dc.relation.references	I. Jallali, A. Hédi, R. Nouir, H. Hannachi, and B. Essghaier, “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. Extract: Characterization and assessment of their biological activities,” Biocatal Agric Biotechnol, vol. 57, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103086.
dc.relation.references	D. Jini, S. Sharmila, A. Anitha, M. Pandian, and R. M. H. Rajapaksha, “In vitro and in silico studies of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Allium sativum against diabetes,” Sci Rep, vol. 12, no. 1, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24818-x.
dc.relation.references	S. Majeed et al., “In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Activities and Glucose Uptake through 2-NBDG by Hep-2 Liver Cancer Cells Treated with Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles,” Oxid Med Cell Longev, vol. 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/1646687.
dc.relation.references	J. A. Badmus et al., “Photo-assisted bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Annona muricata leaf extract: exploring the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities,” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 11, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05413.
dc.relation.references	S. Sudha and A. Mary Saral, “Studies on phytochemical, mineral content, in vitro anti-urolithiatic and anti-diabetic activities of horse gram flour extracts and its biosynthesized Ag nanoparticles,” Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 6, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16572.
dc.relation.references	P. Rani et al., “Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Leaf Extract of Cucumis melo L. and Their In Vitro Antidiabetic and Anticoccidial Activities,” Molecules, vol. 28, no. 13, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.3390/molecules28134995.
dc.relation.references	N. R. Shailaja, M. Arulmozhi, B. Balraj, and C. Siva, “Corallocarpus epigaeus mediated synthesis of ZnO/CuO integrated ZrO2 nanoparticles for enhanced in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and antidiabetic activities,” Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, vol. 100, no. 5, May 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100991.
dc.relation.references	M. A. Pavan Kumar, D. Suresh, and A. H. Sneharani, “Eco-friendly Ag-CuO nanoparticles for antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, platelet aggregation inducing, antioxidant and photocatalytic applications,” Results Chem, vol. 7, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101391.
dc.relation.references	R. Shanmugam, T. Munusamy, A. Nisha M, A. Rajaselin, and S. Govindharaj, “Exploring the In Vitro Antidiabetic Potential of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Lemongrass and Mint Formulation,” Cureus, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.7759/cureus.53489.
dc.relation.references	V. Ramachandran et al., “Antidiabetic activity of gold nanoparticles synthesized using wedelolactone in RIN-5F cell line,” Antioxidants, vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.3390/antiox9010008.
dc.relation.references	U. M. Badeggi et al., “Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles capped with procyanidins from leucosidea sericea as potential antidiabetic and antioxidant agents,” Biomolecules, vol. 10, no. 3, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.3390/biom10030452.
dc.relation.references	S. Ameena et al., “Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anti-diabetic Activity of Green Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles of Cocculus hirsutus (Menispermaceae),” Appl Biochem Biotechnol, vol. 194, no. 10, pp. 4424–4438, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12010-022-03899-4.
dc.relation.references	V. K., S. S., M. P., M. S., and S. S., “Ecofriendly green synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications of CuO nanoparticles synthesized using leaf extract of Capsicum frutescens,” J Environ Chem Eng, vol. 9, no. 5, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106299.
dc.relation.references	D. Kirubakaran, K. Selvam, P. Prakash, M. S. Shivakumar, and M. Rajkumar, “In-vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholinergic activity of iron/copper nanoparticles synthesized using Strobilanthes cordifolia leaf extract,” OpenNano, vol. 14, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100188.
dc.relation.references	I. Meydan, H. Burhan, T. Gür, H. Seçkin, B. Tanhaei, and F. Sen, “Characterization of Rheum ribes with ZnO nanoparticle and its antidiabetic, antibacterial, DNA damage prevention and lipid peroxidation prevention activity of in vitro,” Environ Res, vol. 204, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112363.
dc.relation.references	K. M. Eswari et al., “Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Abutilon Indicum and Tectona Grandis leaf extracts for evaluation of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and in-vitro cytotoxicity activities,” Ceram Int, vol. 48, no. 22, pp. 33624–33634, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.07.308.
dc.relation.references	M. I. Khan et al., “Monotheca buxifolia Driven Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano Material Its Characterization and Biomedical Applications,” Micromachines (Basel), vol. 13, no. 5, May 2022, doi: 10.3390/mi13050668.
dc.relation.references	N. Samad et al., “A novel approach to assessing the antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential of synthesized calcium carbonate nanoparticles using various extracts of Ailanthus altissima,” Front Chem, vol. 12, 2024, doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1345950.
dc.relation.references	D. Ayodhya, A. Ambala, G. Balraj, M. Pradeep Kumar, and P. Shyam, “Green synthesis of CeO2 NPs using Manilkara zapota fruit peel extract for photocatalytic treatment of pollutants, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities,” Results Chem, vol. 4, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100441.
dc.relation.references	G. Maheshwaran, M. Malai Selvi, R. Selva Muneeswari, A. Nivedhitha Bharathi, M. Krishna Kumar, and S. Sudhahar, “Green synthesis of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaves extract and its biological activities,” Advanced Powder Technology, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1963–1971, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.04.004.
dc.relation.references	M. A. Ammulu, K. Vinay Viswanath, A. K. Giduturi, P. K. Vemuri, U. Mangamuri, and S. Poda, “Phytoassisted synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Pterocarpus marsupium rox.b heartwood extract and its biomedical applications,” Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, vol. 19, no. 1, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s43141-021-00119-0.
dc.relation.references	R. Pecora, “Dynamic light scattering measurement of nanometer particles in liquids,” Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 123–131, 2000, doi: 10.1023/A:1010067107182.
dc.relation.references	P. J. Goodhew, “General Introduction to Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM,” Jul. 26, 2011, John Wiley and Sons. doi: 10.1002/9781119978848.ch1.
dc.relation.references	W. Zhou, R. P. Apkarian, Z. Lin Wang, and D. Joy, “Fundamentals of Scanning Electron Microscopy.”
dc.relation.references	G. George, R. Wilson, and J. Joy, “Ultraviolet Spectroscopy: A Facile Approach for the Characterization of Nanomaterials,” Spectroscopic Methods for Nanomaterials Characterization, vol. 2, pp. 55–72, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00003-0.
dc.relation.references	A. A. Bunaciu, E. gabriela Udriştioiu, and H. Y. Aboul-Enein, “X-Ray Diffraction: Instrumentation and Applications,” Oct. 02, 2015, Taylor and Francis Ltd. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2014.949616.
dc.relation.references	K. M. Navada, G. K. Nagaraja, J. N. D’Souza, S. Kouser, C. R. Ravikumar, and D. J. Manasa, “Bio-fabrication of multifunctional quasi-spherical green α-Fe2O3 nanostructures for paracetamol sensing and biomedical applications,” Ceram Int, vol. 47, no. 23, pp. 33651–33666, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.08.275.
dc.relation.references	H. Ullah et al., “Bionanocomposite scaffolds based on MnS-nanorods loaded acacia-Senegal-gum hydrogels: Fabrication, characterization and biological evaluation,” Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, vol. 30, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2023.100368.
dc.relation.references	J. O. Adeyemi, D. C. Onwudiwe, and A. O. Oyedeji, “In vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and anti-inflammatory studies of Mn3O4 nanoparticles mediated using extract of Dalbergiella welwitschia,” Results Chem, vol. 4, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100497.
dc.relation.references	S. U. R et al., “Facile synthesis of silver doped-copper oxide nano materials utilizing areca catechu (AC) leaf extract and their antidiabetic and anticancer studies,” Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, vol. 99, no. 9, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100606.
dc.relation.references	H. Jan et al., “Plant-Based Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Aquilegia pubiflora: Their Antiproliferative Activity against HepG2 Cells Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Other in Vitro Properties,” Oxid Med Cell Longev, vol. 2021, 2021, doi: 10.1155/2021/4786227.
dc.relation.references	H. Rehman, W. Ali, N. Zaman Khan, M. Aasim, T. Khan, and A. Ali Khan, “Delphinium uncinatum mediated biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and in-vitro evaluation of their antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging activities,” Saudi J Biol Sci, vol. 30, no. 1, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103485.
dc.relation.references	K. S. U. Suganya, K. Govindaraju, C. V. Vani, M. Premanathan, and V. K. G. Kumar, “In vitro biological evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of organic-inorganic hybrid gold nanoparticles,” IET Nanobiotechnol, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 226–229, 2019, doi: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5139.
dc.relation.references	ThermoScientific, “Scanning Electron Microscopy Working Principle Nearly everything you need to know about SEM.”
dc.relation.references	Malvern Panalytical, “Malvern Panalytical,” Dispersión de luz electroforética (ELS). Accessed: Sep. 17, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.malvernpanalytical.com/es/products/technology/light-scattering/electrophoretic-light-scattering
dc.relation.references	K. Khadayat, B. P. Marasini, H. Gautam, S. Ghaju, and N. Parajuli, “Evaluation of the alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of Nepalese medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus,” Clinical Phytoscience, vol. 6, no. 1, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1186/s40816-020-00179-8.
dc.relation.references	N. Kaur, V. Kumar, S. K. Nayak, P. Wadhwa, P. Kaur, and S. K. Sahu, “Alpha-amylase as molecular target for treatment of diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review,” Chem Biol Drug Des, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 539–560, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1111/CBDD.13909.
dc.relation.references	Y. Feng, H. Nan, H. Zhou, P. Xi, and B. Li, “Mechanism of inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by bavachalcone,” Food Science and Technology (Brazil), vol. 42, 2022, doi: 10.1590/fst.123421.
dc.relation.references	D. K. McCulloch and R. B. Tattersall, “‘Pharmacological Fibre’—Alpha-glucosidase Inhibition in the Management of Diabetes,” Diabetic Medicine, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 189–190, Sep. 1984, doi: 10.1111/J.1464-5491.1984.TB01951.X.
dc.relation.references	“Unlocking potential diabetes therapeutics: Insights into alpha-glucosidase inhibition.” Accessed: Oct. 20, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://eurekamag.com/research/094/131/094131711.php?srsltid=AfmBOopaQ7xpcYcOyL3NeYYTDGdlDFMZ0jNJqt2pkIO-S0_FfGTTibTE
dc.relation.references	S. Chanon et al., “Glucose uptake measurement and response to insulin stimulation in in vitro cultured human primary myotubes,” Journal of Visualized Experiments, vol. 2017, no. 124, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.3791/55743.
dc.relation.references	“Comparison of Glucose Uptake Assay Methods.” Accessed: Oct. 20, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://worldwide.promega.com/resources/pubhub/comparison-of-glucose-uptake-assay-methods/
dc.relation.references	“Glucose Uptake-GloTM Assay \| Glucose Uptake Assay Kit.” Accessed: Oct. 20, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://worldwide.promega.com/products/energy-metabolism/metabolite-detection-assays/glucose-uptake_glo-assay/?catNum=J1341
dc.relation.references	K. Sharabi, C. D. J. Tavares, A. K. Rines, and P. Puigserver, “Molecular pathophysiology of hepatic glucose production,” Dec. 01, 2015, Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.09.003.
dc.relation.references	B. R. Kim, H. Y. Kim, I. Choi, J. B. Kim, C. H. Jin, and A. R. Han, “DPP-IV inhibitory potentials of flavonol glycosides isolated from the seeds of lens culinaris: In vitro and molecular docking analyses,” Molecules, vol. 23, no. 8, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.3390/molecules23081998.
dc.relation.references	Z. Chen, L. Shao, M. Jiang, X. Ba, B. Ma, and T. Zhou, “Interpretation of HbA1c lies at the intersection of analytical methodology, clinical biochemistry and hematology (Review),” Exp Ther Med, vol. 24, no. 6, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11643.
dc.relation.references	Z. Zhang and F.-J. Cui, “Non-enzymatic glycosylation reaction contributes to a rise of blood glucose in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.” Accessed: Sep. 16, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=e70a81a554443779d26d05cf0bd7862812d6b5e5
dc.relation.references	P. Rorsman and F. M. Ashcroft, “PANCREATIC-CELL ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY AND INSULIN SECRETION: OF MICE AND MEN,” Physiol Rev, vol. 98, pp. 117–214, 2018, doi: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2017.-The.
dc.relation.references	A. Coronell-Tovar et al., “Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) function, structure, and inhibition strategies to develop antidiabetic drugs,” Aug. 01, 2024, John Wiley and Sons Inc. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.14901.
dc.relation.references	A. Pinzón et al., “Nanopartículas de metal como antidiabéticos indirectos: ¿Una nueva solución? Metal nanoparticles as indirect antidiabetics: a new solution?,” Diabetes Internacional y endocrinología, vol. XIV, 2022, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7706579.
dc.relation.references	S. Paul et al., “Silver nanoparticles in diabetes mellitus: therapeutic potential and mechanistic insights,” Bull Natl Res Cent, vol. 48, no. 1, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1186/s42269-024-01182-6.
dc.relation.references	G. Alomari, S. Hamdan, and B. Al-Trad, “Gold nanoparticles as a promising treatment for diabetes and its complications: Current and future potentials,” Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 57, 2021, doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000419040.
dc.relation.references	S. A. Siddiqui et al., “Biological efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles against diabetes: A preliminary study conducted in mice,” Biosci Rep, vol. 40, no. 4, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1042/BSR20193972.
dc.relation.references	Intertek, “Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX).” Accessed: Sep. 19, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.intertek.com/analytical-laboratories/microscopy/edx/#:~:text=The%20technique%20can%20be%20qualitative,little%20or%20no%20sample%20preparation.
dc.relation.references	B. A. Kumar, N. Ahmed, and S. Jamal, “Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Jacalin, a Lectin from Jackfruit Seeds and its Antiproliferative Effects on HeLa Cancer Cells,” vol. 13, no. 3, p. 106, 2024, doi: 10.33263/LIANBS133.106.
dc.relation.references	Y. Q. He, S. P. Liu, L. Kong, and Z. F. Liu, “A study on the sizes and concentrations of gold nanoparticles by spectra of absorption, resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering,” Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, vol. 61, no. 13–14, pp. 2861–2866, Oct. 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2004.10.035.
dc.relation.references	G. Vijayakumar et al., “Phytosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Spices and Their Antibacterial Properties,” Processes 2021, Vol. 9, Page 1341, vol. 9, no. 8, p. 1341, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.3390/PR9081341.
dc.relation.references	F. Batool, M. S. Iqbal, S. U. D. Khan, J. Khan, B. Ahmed, and M. I. Qadir, “Biologically synthesized iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) from Phoenix dactylifera have anti-bacterial activities,” Sci Rep, vol. 11, no. 1, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01374-4.
dc.relation.references	R. A. Rojas Labastida, J. V. Pacheco Julián, G. Amaya Parra, and S. Jiménez Valera, “Nanopartículas de óxido de zinc y óxido de plata para uso de protección solar de piel,” REVISTA DE CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS, vol. 7, no. 2, p. e283, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.37636/recit.v7n2e283.
dc.relation.references	A. T. Jalil et al., “CuO/ZrO2 Nanocomposites: Facile Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Antibiotic,” Journal of Nanostructures, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 333–346, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.22052/JNS.2021.02.014.
dc.relation.references	C. Camilo Ramirez Fosca, “Síntesis del Sistema Nanoestructurado de Ag-Cu con Propiedades Microbicidas Synthesis of Ag-Cu Nanostructured System with Microbicidal Properties.”
dc.relation.references	T. Tamiri, “EXPLOSIVES \| Analysis,” Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, pp. 729–745, Jan. 2000, doi: 10.1006/RWFS.2000.0505.
dc.relation.references	D. Patel, D. Panchal, K. Patel, M. Dalwadi, and U. Upadhyay, “‘A Review on UV Visible Spectroscopy,’” 2022, [Online]. Available: www.ijcrt.org
dc.relation.references	ATA Scientific Instruments, “Comparing SEM & TEM – Understanding the Pros and Cons.”
dc.relation.references	Manoj Rajankunte Mahadeshwara, “Transmission electron microscopy.” Accessed: Sep. 21, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.tribonet.org/wiki/transmission-electron-microscopy/#Advantages_and_Disadvantages
dc.relation.references	ThermoFisher, “Transmission Electron Microscopy vs Scanning Electron Microscopy.” Accessed: Sep. 21, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.thermofisher.com/co/en/home/materials-science/learning-center/applications/sem-tem-difference.html#:~:text=The%20magnifications%20that%20TEMs%20offer,to%201%E2%80%932%20million%20times.
dc.relation.references	O. P. Choudhary and P. ka, “Scanning Electron Microscope: Advantages and Disadvantages in Imaging Components,” Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1877–1882, May 2017, doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.207.
dc.relation.references	A. Barhoum and M. Luisa García-Betancourt, “Physicochemical characterization of nanomaterials: size, morphology, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties,” Emerging Applications of Nanoparticles and Architectural Nanostructures: Current Prospects and Future Trends, pp. 279–304, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-51254-1.00010-5.
dc.relation.references	Z. Jia, J. Li, L. Gao, D. Yang, and A. Kanaev, “Dynamic Light Scattering: A Powerful Tool for In Situ Nanoparticle Sizing,” Mar. 01, 2023, MDPI. doi: 10.3390/colloids7010015.
dc.relation.references	AZO nano, “Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) - Understanding the Basics.” Accessed: Sep. 21, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3662
dc.relation.references	J. Stetefeld, S. A. McKenna, and T. R. Patel, “Dynamic light scattering: a practical guide and applications in biomedical sciences,” Dec. 01, 2016, Springer Verlag. doi: 10.1007/s12551-016-0218-6.
dc.relation.references	A. C. Quevedo et al., “UV-Vis Spectroscopic Characterization of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media,” J Vis Exp, no. 176, p. e61764, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.3791/61764.
dc.relation.references	“All You Need To Know About UV-Vis Spectrophotometer.” Accessed: Oct. 18, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.mrclab.com/all-you-need-to-know-about-uv-vis-spectrophotometer
dc.relation.references	Future Positive, “The Advantages and Disadvantages of XRD.” Accessed: Sep. 21, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.thefuturepositive.com/blog/advantages-disadvantages-xrd/
dc.relation.references	eurofins, “X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Home » Our Techniques » Spectroscopy » XRD.” Accessed: Sep. 21, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.eag.com/techniques/spectroscopy/x-ray-diffraction-xrd/
dc.relation.references	T. M. G. Selva, J. S. G. Selva, and R. B. Prata, “Sensing Materials: Diamond-Based Materials,” Encyclopedia of Sensors and Biosensors: Volume 1-4, First Edition, vol. 1–4, pp. 45–72, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822548-6.00081-9.
dc.relation.references	WYATT technology, “Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS).” Accessed: Sep. 22, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.wyatt.com/solutions/techniques/electrophoretic-light-scattering-els.html
dc.relation.references	M. J. Haider and M. S. Mehdi, “Study of morphology and Zeta Potential analyzer for the Silver Nanoparticles,” Int J Sci Eng Res, vol. 5, no. 7, 2014, [Online]. Available: http://www.ijser.org
dc.relation.references	Malvern, “ZetaPotential-Introduction-in-30min-Malvern,” 2015.
dc.relation.references	A. Miranda, T. Akpobolokemi, E. Chung, G. Ren, and B. T. Raimi-Abraham, “pH Alteration in Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis and Its Resultant Impact on Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs),” Antibiotics, vol. 11, no. 11, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11111592.
dc.relation.references	fda and cder, “PRECOSE ® (acarbose tablets).” [Online]. Available: https://www.fda.gov/drugsatfda
dc.relation.references	G. Oboh, O. B. Ogunsuyi, M. D. Ogunbadejo, and S. A. Adefegha, “Influence of gallic acid on α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties of acarbose,” J Food Drug Anal, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 627–634, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.1016/J.JFDA.2016.03.003.
dc.relation.references	Lindsey A. McIver, Charles V. Preuss, and Jayson Tripp, Acarbose. StatPearls, 2024. Accessed: Sep. 23, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493214/
dc.relation.references	G. Mertes, “Safety and efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes: data from a 5-year surveillance study,” Diabetes Res Clin Pract, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 193–204, Jun. 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0168-8227(01)00221-2.
dc.relation.references	UpToDate Free, “Acarbose: Drug information.” Accessed: Sep. 23, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://medilib.ir/uptodate/show/9219
dc.relation.references	A. K. D. bin Ahmad Kamar, L. Ju Yin, C. Tze Liang, G. Tjin Fung, and V. R. Avupati, “Rhodanine scaffold: A review of antidiabetic potential and structure–activity relationships (SAR),” Med Drug Discov, vol. 15, p. 100131, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.MEDIDD.2022.100131.
dc.relation.references	A. S. Dabhi, N. R. Bhatt, and M. J. Shah, “Voglibose: An alpha glucosidase inhibitor,” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 3023–3027, Dec. 2013, doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/6373.3838.
dc.relation.references	fda and cder, “GLUCOPHAGE ® (metformin hydrochloride) Tablets GLUCOPHAGE ® XR (metformin hydrochloride) Extended-Release Tablets DESCRIPTION.” [Online]. Available: https://www.fda.gov/drugsatfda
dc.relation.references	W. Sun, C. Zeng, L. Liao, J. Chen, and Y. Wang, “Comparison of acarbose and metformin therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with overweight and/or obesity,” Curr Med Res Opin, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1389–1396, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1176013.
dc.relation.references	J. M. Firdhouse, “ASSESSMENT OF ααAMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTION OF SOME EDIBLE PLANT SOURCES,” vol. 4, 2016.
dc.relation.references	M. Chaudhary, N. K. Midha, P. Sukhadiya, D. Kumar, and M. K. Garg, “Metformin-Induced Chronic Diarrhea Misdiagnosed as Irritable Bowel Syndrome for Years,” Cureus, vol. 16, no. 3, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.7759/CUREUS.56828.
dc.relation.references	P. Garcia-Molina, F. Garcia-Molina, J. A. Teruel-Puche, J. N. Rodriguez-Lopez, F. Garcia-Canovas, and J. L. Muñoz-Muñoz, “The Relationship between the IC50 Values and the Apparent Inhibition Constant in the Study of Inhibitors of Tyrosinase Diphenolase Activity Helps Confirm the Mechanism of Inhibition,” Molecules, vol. 27, no. 10, p. 3141, May 2022, doi: 10.3390/MOLECULES27103141/S1.
dc.relation.references	Yi-Wei Wang, Si-Jia He, and Xiao Feng, “Metformina y sus posibles indicaciones.” Accessed: Sep. 23, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.intramed.net/content/94956
dc.rights	Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International	en
dc.rights.accessrights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accessrights	https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.local	Acceso abierto	spa
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
dc.subject	Diabetes mellitus
dc.subject	Nanotecnología
dc.subject	Nanopartículas metálicas
dc.subject	Caracterización
dc.subject	Actividad antidiabética
dc.subject.ddc	615.19
dc.subject.keywords	Diabetes mellitus
dc.subject.keywords	Nanotechnology
dc.subject.keywords	Metallic nanoparticles
dc.subject.keywords	Characterization
dc.subject.keywords	Antidiabetic activity
dc.title	Análisis de algunas técnicas de caracterización de sistemas nanotecnológicos orientados al tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus
dc.title.translated	Analysis of Characterization Techniques for Nanotechnological Systems Aimed at Treating Diabetes Mellitus
dc.type.coar	https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversion	https://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.driver	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.hasversion	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.local	Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado