Uso de eculizumab en el tratamiento de microangiopatía trombótica: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

dc.contributor.advisorPorras, Alexandra
dc.contributor.advisorRico, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorLeon Chavez, Angel Fabian
dc.contributor.orcid0009-0003-1994-639X
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-16T13:17:26Z
dc.date.available2025-07-16T13:17:26Z
dc.date.issued2025-05
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: Las microangiopatías trombóticas (MAT) comprenden un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos caracterizados por daño endotelial microvascular, lo que requiere una clasificación precisa para un diagnóstico y manejo óptimos. Las MAT incluyen formas hereditarias como la púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica (PTT) y el síndrome urémico hemolítico atípico (SHUa), así como MAT secundarias asociadas a condiciones como embarazo, trasplante de órganos e infecciones. El SHU mediado por toxina Shiga, especialmente prevalente en niños, suele provocar lesión renal aguda. Las opciones terapéuticas incluyen la plasmaféresis y los inhibidores del complemento, destacando eculizumab por su eficacia en MAT mediadas por el complemento. Métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA para evaluar la eficacia de eculizumab en el manejo de las MAT. Se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas publicadas entre 2019 y 2024, conforme a las recomendaciones de JAMA. Los datos se sintetizaron utilizando el software Jamovi y el modelo de efectos aleatorios DerSimonian-Laird para el metaanálisis. Resultados De 5,349 artículos identificados en PubMed, Embase y LILACS, 12 revisiones sistemáticas cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, abarcando en conjunto 264 artículos que evaluaron eculizumab en MAT. El SHUa fue abordado en el 33.3% de las revisiones, con un subconjunto significativo enfocado en MAT asociadas al embarazo. Las MAT asociadas a trasplante estuvieron presentes en el 41.7% de los estudios. El riesgo de sesgo, evaluado mediante ROBIS, estuvo presente en el 50% de los estudios incluidos. La mortalidad agrupada fue extremadamente baja (4.69e-5, I² = 0%), con tasas de complicaciones igualmente bajas (8.41e-5, I² = 0%) en nueve estudios. La pérdida de injerto por MAT asociada a trasplante se reportó en 2.48e-4 (I² = 0%). Eculizumab demostró resultados superiores, con una razón de momios para mortalidad de 0.16 (log OR = -1.82, IC 95% [-3.22, -0.41], I² = 89.1%), subrayando su eficacia frente a otras terapias. Conclusión: Eculizumab se posiciona como una de las principales opciones terapéuticas para las MAT, reduciendo significativamente la mortalidad, la morbilidad y la pérdida de injerto, especialmente en casos asociados a trasplante. Para validar aún más estos hallazgos y reducir el sesgo, se requieren ensayos clínicos aleatorizados bien diseñados que aborden etiologías específicas de MAT. Estos estudios permitirán refinar los protocolos de tratamiento y mejorar los resultados en esta compleja entidad clínica.
dc.description.abstractenglishIntroduction: Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by microvascular endothelial damage, necessitating precise classification for optimal diagnosis and treatment. This encompasses hereditary forms like thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), alongside secondary TMAs related to external conditions such as pregnancy, organ transplantation, and infections. Notably, Shiga toxin-mediated HUS is prevalent in children, often causing acute kidney injury. Treatments include plasmapheresis and complement inhibitors like eculizumab, which is particularly effective for complement-mediated TMAs. Methods: A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines assessed the efficacy of eculizumab in treating TMAs. Systematic reviews published between 2019 and 2024 were included based on JAMA guidelines, culminating in a meta-analysis using Jamovi software and the Der Simonian Laird method. Results: Out of 5349 articles from PubMed, Embase, and LILACS, 12 met the inclusion criteria. These reviews incorporated 264 articles overall, scrutinizing Eculizumab's effect on TMAs. Atypical HUS was addressed in 33.34%, with a notable focus on pregnancy-associated cases. Transplant-associated TMAs featured in 41.67% of studies. Risk of bias, assessed with ROBIS, reflected a 50% rate across studies. Pooled mortality was extremely low (4.69e-5, I2 = 0%), with complication rates (8.41e-5, I2 = 0%) evaluated in nine studies. Graft loss due to transplant-associated TMAs showed a rate of 2.48e-4 (I2 = 0%). Eculizumab was superior with a mortality odds ratio of 0.16 (log OR = -1.82, 95% CI [-3.22, -0.41], I2 = 89.08), emphasizing its efficacy over other treatments. Conclusion: Eculizumab emerges as a leading therapeutic option for TMAs, significantly reducing mortality, morbidity, and graft loss, particularly in transplant-associated scenarios. To diminish biases and substantiate these findings, targeted randomized clinical trials are recommended to explore specific TMA aetiologies, thereby refining treatment protocols and enhancing healthcare delivery.
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Epidemiologíaspa
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad El Bosque
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad El Bosquespa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquespa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/14967
dc.language.isoen
dc.language.isoes
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad El Bosquespa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Epidemiologíaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rights.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
dc.rights.localAcceso cerradospa
dc.subjectMicroangiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
dc.subjectThrombotic microangiopathies
dc.subjectHemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
dc.subjectPurpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic
dc.subjectEculizumab
dc.subject.keywordsPurpura trombocitopenica microangiopatica
dc.subject.keywordsMicroangiopatia trombotica
dc.subject.keywordsSindrome hemolitico uremico atipico
dc.subject.keywordsPurpura trombocitopenica trombotica
dc.subject.keywordsEculizumab
dc.subject.nlmWA 105
dc.titleUso de eculizumab en el tratamiento de microangiopatía trombótica: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
dc.title.translatedUse of eculizumab in the treatment of thrombotic microangiopathies: Systematic review and metaanalysis
dc.type.coarhttps://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttps://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.localTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Maestríaspa

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