Valorización de la borra de café (Coffea arabica) mediante tecnologías de conversión energética: análisis técnico y ambiental

Herrera Calderón, Maria Daniela

Valorización de la borra de café (Coffea arabica) mediante tecnologías de conversión energética: análisis técnico y ambiental

dc.contributor.advisor	Botello Suárez, Wilmar Alirio
dc.contributor.author	Herrera Calderón, Maria Daniela
dc.contributor.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8801-5124
dc.date.accessioned	2025-06-04T19:45:57Z
dc.date.available	2025-06-04T19:45:57Z
dc.date.issued	2025-05
dc.description.abstract	El sector cafetero genera volúmenes significativos de residuos orgánicos, principalmente en forma de borra de café (BC), cuya valorización energética mediante tecnologías Waste-to-Energy (WTE) es clave para el desarrollo de una matriz energética más limpia y circular. La elección de la tecnología WTE más adecuada requiere un análisis complejo. En este estudio se compararon tres tecnologías: gasificación, pirólisis y digestión anaerobia (DA), aplicadas a la BC. Mediante simulaciones en Aspen Plus, la pirólisis a ~500 °C y la gasificación a 950–1000 °C mostraron potenciales energéticos de hasta 2.100 y ~2.000 kWh/ton BC, respectivamente. En contraste, el potencial teórico de metano calculado para la DA correspondió a 1.501 kWh/ton BC. En términos económicos, la DA con comercialización de digestato fue la alternativa más viable (VPN: USD 166.868; TIR: 40 %). A nivel ecológico, la DA presentó el mejor desempeño, con menores impactos en las categorías de calentamiento global, acidificación y eutrofización. Finalmente, una evaluación multicriterio mediante el método AHP identificó a la DA como la alternativa WTE óptima (46 % de prioridad), seguida por la pirólisis (30 %). Se concluye que la DA constituye la solución integralmente más sostenible, al ofrecer un balance óptimo entre los aspectos económicos, ecológicos y técnicos evaluados. La pirólisis podría ser considerada por su alto rendimiento energético, mientras que la gasificación podría ofrecer una menor barrera de inversión inicial. Este estudio apoya la toma de decisiones orientadas a la adopción de tecnologías WTE, promoviendo la gestión sostenible de residuos del café.
dc.description.abstractenglish	The coffee sector generates significant volumes of organic waste, primarily in the form of coffee grounds (CW), whose energy recovery through waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies is key to developing a cleaner and more circular energy matrix. Selecting the most appropriate WTE technology requires a complex analysis. This study compared three technologies: gasification, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion (AD), applied to CW. Using Aspen Plus simulations, pyrolysis at ~500°C and gasification at 950–1000°C showed energy potentials of up to 2,100 and ~2,000 kWh/ton CW, respectively. In contrast, the theoretical methane potential calculated for AD was 1,501 kWh/ton CW. In economic terms, AD with digestate commercialization was the most viable alternative (NPV: USD 166,868; IRR: 40%). At the ecological level, AD presented the best performance, with the lowest impacts in the categories of global warming, acidification, and eutrophication. Finally, a multicriteria evaluation using the AHP method identified AD as the optimal WTE alternative (46% priority), followed by pyrolysis (30%). The conclusion is that AD constitutes the most comprehensively sustainable solution, offering an optimal balance between the economic, ecological, and technical aspects evaluated. Pyrolysis could be considered due to its high energy efficiency, while gasification could offer a lower initial investment barrier. This study supports decision-making aimed at adopting WTE technologies, promoting sustainable coffee waste management.
dc.description.degreelevel	Pregrado	spa
dc.description.degreename	Ingeniero Ambiental	spa
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf
dc.identifier.instname	instname:Universidad El Bosque	spa
dc.identifier.reponame	reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque	spa
dc.identifier.repourl	repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/14553
dc.language.iso	es
dc.publisher.faculty	Facultad de Ingeniería	spa
dc.publisher.grantor	Universidad El Bosque	spa
dc.publisher.program	Ingeniería Ambiental	spa
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dc.rights	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International	en
dc.rights.accessrights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accessrights	https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.local	Acceso abierto	spa
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject	Análisis ambiental
dc.subject	Digestión anaerobia
dc.subject	Energía renovable
dc.subject	Gasificación
dc.subject	Pirólisis
dc.subject	Simulación de procesos
dc.subject.ddc	628
dc.subject.keywords	Environmental analysis
dc.subject.keywords	Anaerobic digestion
dc.subject.keywords	Renewable energy
dc.subject.keywords	Gasification
dc.subject.keywords	Pyrolysis
dc.subject.keywords	Process simulation
dc.title	Valorización de la borra de café (Coffea arabica) mediante tecnologías de conversión energética: análisis técnico y ambiental
dc.title.translated	Valorization of coffee spent grounds (Coffea arabica) through waste to energy technologies: technical and environmental analysis
dc.type.coar	https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversion	https://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.driver	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.hasversion	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.local	Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado	spa